Specific Therapies
The following TNF-alpha blockers are approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Enbrel® (entercept) is a synthetic, man-made protein that binds to TNF-alpha and acts like a sponge to remove the TNF-alpha molecules from the joints and blood. It has proven effective at preventing the progressive destruction of the joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It is often prescribed when patients have not responded to other drugs. It is commonly given alone or in combination with methotrexate.
Enbrel is given by self-injection once or twice per week. Studies show it may cause irritation at the injection site. Other common side effects include headache, dizziness and nasal and throat irritation.
Because the drug weakens the immune system, patients with serious infections should not take Enbrel. In addition, research conducted since it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1998 shows that in rare circumstances the medication has been associated with severe and sometimes fatal blood disorders or the worsening of existing blood disorders.
There have also been reports linking Enbrel to multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis or inflammation of the optical nerve. Reports of an increased risk of congestive heart failure have prompted doctors to use caution if patients have already been diagnosed with the condition.
